History of Robotics | Lego Mindstorms Robotics
History of
Robotics | Lego Mindstorms Robotics
Introduction to
Robotics
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Since
the time of our earliest ancestors, ideas of machines and contraptions that can
make man’s work easier and faster always in the minds of human civilizations.
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Human
being as the highest form of living creature initiated a dynamic momentum of
change. This is a change that necessitates him to continuously conquer the
world that entrusted to him.
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The
living planet, earth has been continuously engaged in advancement in both
technological and biological. Advancement in human knowledge seeks to perfect a
seems to be always imperfect world that he lives in.
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Logical
and poetic ideas and words like these are the ground root of every scientific
invention and development. And the one invention and development that
continuously seeks a lot of challenges from both the physical and biological
worlds of science is ROBOTICS!
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Robotics
concentrates itself in the perfection of the creation of a living machine, a
dream and a vision by the ancestors of scientific realm that is becoming more
and more a fact than fiction.
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The
mechanical machines (robots) will be alive only through the aide of human’s
intelligent step-by-step instructions.
What is a Robots?
Some book and some
people:
Robots –
are machines that are capable of doing repetitive tasks and are controlled by a
computer.
According to some
professionals:
Robots –
if it is a machine that is capable of deciding what to do in a given
environment and responds based on an instance or stimuli.
Robots must be
able to relate to the environment.
Example:
Car assembly
robots – car factory robots
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A mechanical arms work or operate in car
production.
Asimo – a very
famous Honda robot is a genuinely designed intelligent robot.
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It can respond to human interaction.
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Has the ability to walk like human
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It can navigate itself in different environments.
Brief History of
Robots and Robotics
The idea of robots dates back to antiquity when people
started imagining and giving out ideas about mechanical creations that resemble
humans and other living things.
Fictional lliad:
1. Hephaestus
– a god, and used gold in making mechanical talking handmaidens.
2. Handmaiden–A
personal maid or female servant.
3. Archytas
of Tarentum – was said to have built a mechanical wooden bird that can really
fly.
322 B.C.
Aristotle – was said to have dreamt of
mechanical devices that can help humans, looks like a human beings and also be
able to do things that humans can.
Ancient China (3rd
century B.C.)
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One of the oldest civilizations of the world.
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Chinese people encountering creations that are
capable of moving and mimicking a human.
8th
Century
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Muslim alchemist had plans for making artificial
animals, like snakes, insects and even humans.
Book of Stones – was said to have those
special codes and plans in making these creator controlled animals.
9th
Century
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Book of ingenious devices – also contains
inventions that have said to be linked with the early programmable mechanisms.
From 1400s – 1700s
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Leonardo Da Vinci
- famous
inventions and ideas either actually built or just plain sketch on a paper.
- His
various ideas on how things move and making early mechanical humans made him
very prominent.
- His work
on the mechanical man or some call it armor shows how good he is in
inventing mechanical machines.
In 1800s
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Great developments with regards to computer and
so called mechanical calculators.
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This phase of the history is also called the
computer history or history of computer
technology.
Charles Babbage
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Invented difference and analytical machine made
possible of use of complex machines that can do a lot of computations
simultaneously.
George Boole
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The creator of symbolic logic programming.
In 1990s
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Marks the beginning of the era of the word
robots.
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Mechanical machines were being invented.
Karel Capek
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A Czech author who wrote the 1921 play Rossum’s
Universal Robots or R.U.R.
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Robots as a word or term was coined and made
famous in the said play.
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According to him, the word “robot” was really an
idea of his brother Josef.
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Robot was coined from the Czech word “robota”,
which means servitude or slavery.
The development of computer
technology is mostly attributed to the inventions of microprocessors.
Integrating the capabilities of
computers and mechanical wonders from electric motors, is coupled with the
advancement of molding metals, plastic and alloys materials.
This enables designers and
engineers to create more and more complex robotic machines.
Shakey
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Among the famous robots that were developed.
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Built by Stanford Research Institute in 1970.
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Was said to be the first real robot that is
capable of interacting with its surroundings.
Lego
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Also has robotics and it is mainstreamed in
schools as a great tool in preparing children
to higher education engineering and
related science and mathematics based learning.
The Early Robots
1. Mechanical
wonders
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Are the ideas, dreams and some actually created
and constructed mechanical machines that move and animate like the way robot do
today.
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Drawings and sketches on papers contained the
magic of knowing how to make things work.
2. Fictional ideas
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These are robots that may only exist in movies
and plays and can not be manufactured or designed in real world.
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The funny thing is more and more fictional
robots are becoming realistic robots.
Types of Robots
Real and manufacturability robots are becoming to reality
because of the facts and components available in science and technology.
1. Electrical or
mechanical
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Robots that exist way far beyond the advent of electricity
are controlled by mechanical devices and human made energy.
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Power energy creators based on electricity like
motors and electromagnets were used in order to make the animation of these
machines effective and efficient.
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Up to now, machines we call robots all depend on
the electricity that powers the tiny chips of semiconductors and the motors as
well as the wheels that make them mobile.
2. With human
intervention
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Human dependency is very crucial to the
development of robots and designs.
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Humans are the one responsible for the
programming and designing process.
3. Without human
intervention
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A type of robot which doesn’t need any further
direct human intervention. These type of robot are called autonomous robots.
You just turn it ON and it is already alive.
Ex. Vacuum cleaner and Robots in car manufacturing
industry.
The Modern Day
Robots
Modern day robot are created for use in vast areas of
interest and industry. A lot of them are used in industry , but more and more
are becoming focused towards the field of medicine.
1. Electronic
miniaturization
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More and more robots are decreasing in size. It
tends to be smaller and smaller as the development in motors and
microprocessors continued to grow.
2. Autonomous
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Robots that behave and move on their own. Upon
power ON, it moves and does the bidding it is designed to do without further
human intervention.
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It is possible because of the program made by
programmer.
3. Remote
Controlled
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Robots that have a level of operation where
human intervention is required.
4. Artificial
Intelligence
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In the study of AI, some scientist believe that
it is possible to create a robot or a mechanically advanced machine that is
capable of being true autonomous, very close to human intelligence.
5. Nanotechnology
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Also called Nanotech, is the study of the
control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.
Nanorobotics
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Is the technology of creating machines or robots
at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer.
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There are already experimental studies of robots
small enough to be injected in the human blood vein. With the use of an
external computer, the robot can be controlled and can literally swim inside
the vein of a living human body.
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